In the context of high-quality development within the manufacturing sector, high-standard industrial spaces have become essential for enterprises seeking to enhance their competitiveness. Recently, Wiskind Group (Wiskind) and Shandong Zhuozhan New Materials Co., Ltd. (Zhuozhan New Materials) officially entered into a collaboration. Wiskind will deliver an integrated solution for Zhuozhan New Materials to build its High-Performance Corrosion-Resistant Materials plant located in Shandong Province. Zhuozhan New Materials, a leader in the color-coated steel sheet industry, plans to construct a state-of-the-art plant to enhance its core raw material production capacity. The facility will include a workshop with a 50-meter-high span, specifically designed for producing high-performance corrosion-resistant materials. This project represents a critical step for Zhuozhan New Materials in optimizing its supply chain and advancing its strategy of becoming a top-tier brand. It also serves as a tangible benchmark for regional industrial upgrades. With the ongoing implementation of China's 15th Five-Year Plan to promote high-quality manufacturing, Zhuozhan New Materials' new plant has emerged as a crucial initiative for enhancing enterprise competitiveness. The company has set stringent requirements regarding project timelines, construction technologies, and engineering systems. "We chose Wiskind to be our partner because the company not only demonstrates consistent high quality in products and construction, but also has a deep understanding of our production processes and brand aspirations, providing an integral solution that aligns perfectly with our brand positioning." stated Han Fujiang, Chairman of Zhuozhan New Materials. In this project, Wiskind is providing an integrated solution that encompasses design optimization, material supply and construction. The sleek window arrangement not only allows maximum daylight in the workshop to save energy, but also delivers Zhuozhan New Materials' brand image in color and texture sophistication. The building structure is designed to enhance the overall strength of the high-span workshop. The Colorpod® sandwich panels deliver insulation efficiency and architectural aesthetics for the building envelope. The SR6® Standing Seam Roof System provides excellent wind resistance and waterproof performance, ensuring the building's resilience against various weather conditions. "We strictly follow a Six-Step Standardized Management System at the project site," said Liu Weijun, Chief Engineer of Wiskind Steel Structures. "We use BIM technology to execute the project, from systematic planning to safety-quality-progress controls during construction, to multi-level inspection and acceptance procedures. This approach ensures on-spec and on-time construction process for Zhuozhan New Mater...
On January 1, 2026, marking the first day of the new year, Wiskind launched its “Warm Winter Initiative”, delivering warmth and care to 116 students aged 5–16 in Boxing County. The donation included branded winter jackets with a total value of RMB 30,000. On New Year’s Day, the children put on their new winter clothing, welcoming the year with bright smiles and renewed confidence. On the morning of January 1, more than 30 students visited Wiskind under the guidance of company staff, gaining firsthand insight into Wiskind’s corporate culture and core products. At noon, the children were invited to have lunch at the Group’s headquarters cafeteria, where they enjoyed a relaxed and joyful time together, sharing conversations and experiencing genuine warmth during the winter season. This donation is part of Wiskind’s long-term public welfare program, through which the company remains committed to educational support and community care. Since 2018, Wiskind has invested a total of RMB 7.5 million in charitable initiatives and organized more than 120 public welfare activities. Looking ahead, Wiskind will continue its support by inviting beneficiary students to participate in Children’s Day activities, including creative building block exploration, “Micro Wish” fulfillment, and targeted assistance programs—providing both material aid and emotional encouragement to help children grow with confidence and hope.
The Yancheng Huiyuan Dual-Chain Integrated Industrial Park Project is located in Tinghu District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. The project is being developed by Jiangsu Kaipusheng Construction Technology Co., Ltd., following a successful bid. With a total investment of RMB 5 billion, the industrial park will comprise 10 fruit juice production lines, three smart cold storage facilities, and a global food ingredients brand exhibition center, forming an integrated ecosystem that unites production, storage, and distribution. Upon full completion, the park is projected to achieve an annual output of 600,000 tons of juice beverages. In the construction of the project’s smart cold storage facilities, WISKIND Group was selected to provide a professional cold chain insulation system solution. Notably, one of the cold storage buildings reaches a height of 60 meters, making it a rare example of a large-scale, high-rise cold storage facility in China. Designed as a single-story, high-bay cold storage facility with an American-style external insulation system, the project reflects WISKIND Group’s accumulated expertise in cold storage construction and its continuous exploration of modern cold chain infrastructure development. American-style external insulation cold storage refers to a construction model based on U.S. design concepts and standards, in which insulated panels are installed on the exterior side of the primary structural framework, such as steel structures. 1. A New Practice in Cold Chain Infrastructure The cold storage facility is designed with a storage capacity of approximately 50,000 tons, an internal volume of about 250,000 cubic meters, and a building footprint of roughly 6,019 square meters. Once operational, it will contribute to improving the regional logistics network, enhancing cold storage capacity in Yancheng and northern Jiangsu, and reducing losses of agricultural and food products during storage and circulation—thereby supporting food security and public livelihood needs. With a height exceeding 60 meters, this single-story American-style cold storage facility demonstrates advanced construction techniques and engineering capabilities in today’s cold chain sector, offering a valuable reference for similar large-scale projects. 2. Technical Support and Quality Assurance The project will adopt intelligent operation and digital management systems, integrating advanced Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enable real-time monitoring and traceability of temperature, humidity, and cargo status. This ensures product quality and safety throughout the storage and transportation of fresh produce, pharmaceuticals, and other temperature-sensitive goods. For this project, WISKIND Group supplied a high-performance polyurethane insulation system featuring excellent thermal insulation and fire-resistant properties. With a thermal conductivity of less than 0.023 W/(m&midd...
On December 3, WISKIND Group, in collaboration with the Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone Government, carried out an education and rural development donation program in Heyang County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. The event was attended by Yang Jiang, Member of the Standing Committee of the Heyang County Party Committee and Deputy County Mayor, Wei Jiajun, Chairwoman of WISKIND Group, along with representatives from local governments, enterprises, teachers, and students. Since the commissioning of WISKIND’s Zhenjiang manufacturing base in 2021, the Group has consistently pursued both economic growth and social responsibility. Through a long-term counterpart assistance mechanism established with the Zhenjiang Development Zone government, Heyang County has been identified as a key support region. WISKIND has continuously invested in education support and rural infrastructure improvement projects. To date, WISKIND has made targeted donations totaling RMB 650,000 over several consecutive years, focusing on improving local teaching conditions and rural infrastructure. These efforts demonstrate the Group’s concrete actions in supporting balanced regional development. Chairwoman Wei Jiajun remarked that investing in education and improving rural communities are essential to building a sustainable future. She emphasized that WISKIND’s ongoing donation initiatives reflect the Group’s core philosophy of “Sincerity and Benevolence, Integration and Shared Growth.” As a strategic focus area in WISKIND’s northwest China development plan, Shaanxi Province combines profound cultural heritage with strong growth potential. This initiative not only represents a meaningful cross-provincial public welfare collaboration, but also highlights the strategic synergy among Shandong, Jiangsu, and Shaanxi. Moving forward, WISKIND will continue to integrate intelligent manufacturing, industrial upgrading, and social responsibility, contributing long-term value to education, rural revitalization, and high-quality regional development. About WISKIND WISKIND Group is an innovative enterprise dedicated to providing metal structural building system solutions for global markets. The company's core business spans five major sectors: architectural steel structures, building envelope systems, cleanroom enclosures, cold storage enclosures, and architectural finishes. WISKIND delivers high-quality integrated solutions encompassing structural design, enclosure system manufacturing, and on-site construction services. From food and beverage, pharmaceuticals and healthcare, transportation, to new energy, new materials, aerospace, and beyond, WISKIND is committed to empowering the sustainable development of global industries through robust independent R&D innovation and 5G digital intelligent manufacturing capabilities.
SHANGHAI, Nov. 26, 2025 - The WISKIND Group was invited to participate in Shanghai University's Innovation and Entrepreneurship Week, themed 'Mutual Empowerment, Pioneering a New Journey.' During the event, WISKIND Group has taken a significant step forward in the metal structural building industry by entering into a strategic collaboration with the University. The two parties will engage in extensive collaboration in the field of metal structural building, concentrating on two key areas: "Joint Technology Research and Development and Commercialization" and "Talent Development and Mutual Exchange." This partnership aims to establish an innovation engine that propels sustainable development in the industrial construction sector. WISKIND Group and Shanghai University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Institute Sign Strategic Cooperation Agreement As part of the signing ceremony, Mr. Wei Longzhu, Founder and board director of WISKIND Group, was appointed as a mentor at the University's Innovation and Entrepreneurship 'Estuary' Forum. In this role, he will provide guidance to students, faculty, and alumni on policy interpretation, venture positioning, and long-term strategic planning, drawing from his extensive experience in strategy, technology, operations, capital, and legal affairs. WISKIND Founder and Board Director Mr. Wei Longzhu Appointed as Innovation and Entrepreneurship Mentor at Shanghai University WISKIND Group is dedicated to providing cutting-edge solutions for modern industrial and public buildings. This collaboration is a crucial aspect of the Group's forward-looking strategy. In addition, it serves as a powerful initiative to strengthen the integration of Industry-University-Research, while promoting technological innovation. Ms. Wei Jiajun, Chairperson of WISKIND Group, stated, 'This in-depth partnership with Shanghai University, a leading research institution, enables us to effectively integrate academic R&D resources with industrial practical experience. It lays a more solid foundation for achieving our corporate mission of 'Building Lasting Beauty, Creating Better Lives.' Prof. Scott Zhang, Dean of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Institute at Shanghai University, commented, 'Partnering with WISKIND Group is a crucial step in deepening our industry-education integration. WISKIND's robust industrial practices, leading technical expertise, and global vision in the industrial building sector will provide our faculty and students with an invaluable practical platform. We also anticipate integrating industry needs into the entire talent cultivation process, exploring new models of university-enterprise collaborative education to cultivate exceptional innovative talent for high-quality economic development.' Mr. Wei Longzhu, Founder and Board Director of WISKIND Group, further added, 'Serving as a mentor at Shanghai University is both an honor and a profound responsibility. I look forward to sharing the strategic ins...
Las Vegas, October 23, 2025 – WISKIND has successfully completed its exhibition at METALCON 2025, held from October 21–23 at the Las Vegas Convention Center, reaffirming its commitment to advancing innovation, sustainability, and international cooperation in the global metal construction industry. Throughout the event, WISKIND’s Booth 4162 attracted engineers, builders, and distributors from North America and beyond, who were eager to explore the company’s extensive range of metal building envelope systems, including sandwich panels, wall and roof systems, steel structures, and prefabricated building solutions. WISKIND presented its latest series of fire-resistant Rock Wool panels, high-performance PU/PIR insulation panels, and airtight wall systems that provide exceptional thermal efficiency, waterproofing, and durability. These advanced materials have been widely used in industrial facilities, commercial buildings, warehouses, and cleanroom projects, offering flexible and efficient solutions for both new constructions and retrofit projects. Certified by FM Approvals, CE, ISCC+, and CNAS, WISKIND’s product portfolio meets international benchmarks for fire safety, energy performance, and environmental responsibility. This recognition reinforces the brand’s long-standing reputation for delivering premium-quality materials and dependable engineering support across global markets. During METALCON 2025, WISKIND also presented several global project case studies, demonstrating its successful applications in large-scale industrial complexes, logistics centers, and cleanroom facilities. These examples showcased WISKIND’s integrated capability to deliver turnkey building envelope systems — from material design to project execution — ensuring that every solution meets local standards and environmental requirements. Visitors were particularly impressed by WISKIND’s dedication to green building development and its commitment to supporting clients with sustainable, cost-effective, and technologically advanced construction materials. The company’s professional technical team engaged in deep exchanges with industry experts, exploring new partnerships and project opportunities in North America’s growing prefabricated construction market. As METALCON 2025 came to a close, WISKIND expressed its sincere appreciation to all attendees who visited the booth and shared their insights. The exhibition reinforced the company’s global vision: to provide high-performance, sustainable, and intelligent building solutions that redefine the future of metal construction.
Mexico City, October 17, 2025 – WISKIND successfully concluded its participation at EXPO CIHAC 2025, held from October 15–17 at Centro Citibanamex, Mexico City, marking another milestone in the company’s global presence in the construction and metal building materials industry. During the three-day exhibition, WISKIND attracted strong attention from industry professionals, architects, and developers from across Latin America. Visitors to Booth C945 explored the company’s latest innovations in metal building envelope systems, including sandwich panels, steel structures, cleanroom systems, and cold storage solutions designed for modern industrial and commercial construction. The exhibition provided WISKIND an ideal platform to demonstrate how its energy-efficient and sustainable materials contribute to smarter and greener building practices. The company showcased a comprehensive range of PU, PIR, and Rock Wool sandwich panels, offering superior thermal insulation, fire resistance, airtightness, and durability. These high-performance wall and roof systems have been widely adopted in industrial plants, logistics centers, prefabricated warehouses, and cleanroom facilities around the world. As a global manufacturer committed to quality and reliability, WISKIND’s products are certified by FM Approvals, CE, ISCC+, and CNAS, ensuring compliance with international standards for safety, sustainability, and quality assurance. These certifications reaffirm WISKIND’s dedication to delivering products that meet the most rigorous requirements of the modern construction industry. Throughout EXPO CIHAC 2025, the WISKIND team held productive discussions with local partners and project developers, exploring collaboration opportunities in Mexico’s rapidly growing industrial and logistics sectors. The company’s solutions for prefabricated building systems and energy-saving insulated panels received particularly positive feedback for their adaptability to Latin American climates and construction practices. WISKIND’s participation in EXPO CIHAC once again highlighted its strong capabilities in providing integrated building envelope solutions that combine technical innovation with aesthetic design and environmental performance. As the exhibition concluded, WISKIND expressed its gratitude to all visitors, partners, and organizers for making EXPO CIHAC 2025 a success. The company remains committed to supporting sustainable development in the global construction market and looks forward to continuing its collaboration with clients and partners throughout the Americas.
The Pharmaceutical Industry's Shift from "Manufacturing" to "Smart Manufacturing" The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a major transformation—from traditional "manufacturing" to intelligent "smart manufacturing." Innovation in new drugs and advanced complex formulations has become the key to breaking away from homogeneous competition. As a leading enterprise in the steroid hormone field, Xianju Pharmaceutical is making a strategic move into the high-end market with its liquid formulation project, designed for an annual production capacity of 52 million bottles (or units). WISKIND, with its professional metal envelope system solutions, provides strong technical support for the client's industrial upgrading. Professional Design for Pharmaceutical Production With a total construction area of 82,960 square meters, the project mainly produces sterile liquid preparations and inhalation formulations—high-end dosage forms that demand exceptionally strict environmental conditions, including precise control of temperature, humidity, and cleanliness. Traditional concrete exterior walls are prone to aging and cracking, which can lead to extra maintenance costs and potential quality risks. Therefore, a more reliable, stable, and durable building solution is essential. In pharmaceutical facility design, every detail matters to product quality. The comprehensive building is strategically located at the southwest corner along the main road—reflecting the company’s modern image while ensuring smooth and efficient integration with other functional units.The quality inspection building is connected to the production units through a corridor system, minimizing the distance for sample delivery while maintaining stable temperature and humidity conditions, thereby reducing any potential environmental impact during transport. In the production workshops, natural light sensitivity was carefully considered. Only essential emergency and ventilation windows are installed to avoid quality risks caused by excessive daylight exposure.Ceiling heights were precisely calculated and adjusted according to the equipment needs of each zone, optimizing space utilization while significantly reducing HVAC and purification system energy consumption.These design decisions demonstrate a deep understanding of the specific requirements of pharmaceutical production and a strong commitment to product quality. Modern Expression Inspired by Local Culture The Xianju Pharmaceutical project is located in Xianju County, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, an area known for its landscape described as "eight parts mountains, one part water, and one part farmland."To maintain visual consistency with the existing facilities, the two new production workshops adopt the same architectural style as the original plant. The horizontal blue lines, derived from the company's logo color, symbolize the purity and precision of modern pharmaceutical manufacturing. The d...
EXPO CIHAC 2025, the leading construction and architecture exhibition in Latin America, will be held in Mexico City from October 15–17, 2025. As one of the key players in global building materials, WISKIND is proud to announce its participation at Booth C945 + C947, where we will showcase our full range of certified sandwich panels, fire resistant wall panels, external wall panels, and prefabricated building systems. Product Highlights for Latin America At EXPO CIHAC 2025, WISKIND will present cutting-edge solutions designed to address the growing demand for sustainable and high-performance building materials: Sandwich Panels – Our PU/PIR insulated panels provide excellent thermal performance, reducing energy costs for industrial, commercial, and residential projects. Rock Wool panels deliver top-class fire resistance, while EPS panels offer cost-effective solutions for fast construction. Fire Resistant Wall Panels & External Wall Panels – Meeting international safety standards, these panels combine modern design with proven structural reliability, making them ideal for factories, warehouses, and public facilities. Prefabricated Buildings – WISKIND’s modular steel structures are engineered for fast installation, reduced project timelines, and superior durability, ensuring efficiency and cost savings. Certified Quality for Global Clients All WISKIND products are manufactured under strict quality control and are internationally certified, including FM Approved, CE, ISCC+, CNAS, ASTM, and SIRIM. These certifications guarantee that our products meet global safety, energy efficiency, and sustainability requirements—an essential advantage for developers and contractors in Latin America. Supporting Green Building Development Latin America’s construction sector is increasingly focused on green building materials that reduce energy consumption and environmental impact. WISKIND’s advanced insulation technology and modular prefabricated buildings help achieve sustainable development goals while lowering long-term operational costs. A Reliable Partner for Latin American Markets With extensive project experience in warehouses, logistics centers, cold storage facilities, and industrial plants, WISKIND has already supported numerous international clients in creating energy-efficient, safe, and durable structures. Our participation in EXPO CIHAC 2025 reinforces our commitment to building long-term partnerships in the region. Invitation to Connect We invite all industry professionals, developers, and construction partners to visit WISKIND at EXPO CIHAC 2025 and explore how our sandwich panels, fire resistant wall panels, external wall panels, and prefabricated building systems can elevate your next project.
WISKIND is proud to announce that its Jiangsu Manufacturing Base has been officially included in the National-Level 5G Factory List, a recognition guided by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and evaluated in accordance with the 5G Fully Connected Factory Construction Guide. This milestone highlights WISKIND’s leadership in intelligent manufacturing and its strong commitment to advancing digital transformation in the construction materials industry. The National-Level 5G Factory List represents a group of benchmark factories across China that deeply integrate 5G technology with the industrial internet, driving a new era of digital, networked, and intelligent manufacturing. Factories that make this list are recognized for their ability to pioneer innovation, set industry standards, and accelerate the modernization of China’s manufacturing sector. In 2025, a total of 560 projects across 48 industries were selected, reflecting the rapid adoption of 5G technologies across the country. As a one-stop solution provider for main steel structures and complete building envelope systems, WISKIND has always placed innovation at the heart of its operations. Our Jiangsu Manufacturing Base’s inclusion in the list not only demonstrates that WISKIND’s intelligent manufacturing has reached an advanced level domestically but also shows that the company stands at the forefront of the industry’s digital transformation journey. WISKIND’s achievements are inseparable from its dedication to providing high-performance building materials, including building panels, fire resistant wall panels, and external wall panels. These products are widely applied in industrial facilities, logistics warehouses, cleanrooms, and public buildings, where safety, durability, and energy efficiency are critical. By leveraging the advantages of 5G-enabled smart manufacturing, WISKIND ensures that every panel produced meets rigorous quality standards, while production efficiency and traceability are greatly enhanced. One of the key strengths of WISKIND lies in its ability to offer flexible customization to meet diverse project requirements. With advanced digital systems integrated into its factories, WISKIND provides tailored solutions that adapt to unique architectural and performance needs. Whether delivering fire resistant wall panels for enhanced safety, or designing external wall panels with superior weather resistance and energy-saving properties, WISKIND continues to serve global customers with reliability and innovation. Beyond technology, WISKIND places customer value at the center of its smart manufacturing practices. The company emphasizes three key commitments: Flexible customization, giving customers peace of mind; Traceable quality, building confidence in every project; Accelerated delivery, offering convenience and efficiency; These principles not only reflect WISKIND&...
When Typhoon Ragasa recently made landfall along the Guangdong coast, it was declared the strongest typhoon to strike China this year. With winds exceeding the threshold of a super typhoon, the event served as a stark reminder of the challenges faced by buildings in coastal regions. Extreme weather events like Ragasa highlight the urgent need for roofing systems that can ensure long-term protection, structural stability, and safety for property owners. At WISKIND, we have long recognized this demand, particularly for projects in typhoon-prone regions across Asia, the Pacific, and other coastal areas around the world. To demonstrate the reliability of our products, our team has conducted extensive wind uplift resistance tests under the national standard GB/T 39794.1-2021. The results have proven that our roofing systems go far beyond conventional performance, meeting the toughest requirements for storm resilience. Rigorous Testing Under Extreme Conditions One of our most advanced solutions, the SR6 standing seam panel system, was selected for testing. The system incorporates 0.6mm galvanized steel roofing panels combined with a 450° mechanical lock seam technology. This unique design improves joint tightness, significantly reduces risks of panel detachment, and enhances the overall waterproofing and wind resistance of the roof. The tests simulated multiple levels of typhoon intensity: 12-level typhoon (0.7kPa) 15-level strong typhoon (1.4kPa) 17-level super typhoon (2.1kPa) Beyond 17-level, extreme super typhoon (2.8kPa) Beyond 17-level, catastrophic super typhoon (3.5kPa) Beyond 17-level, maximum test load super typhoon (4.2kPa) Even under the most extreme pressure level of 4.2kPa, the SR6 roofing system demonstrated remarkable resistance, maintaining both structural integrity and secure panel locking. This performance establishes WISKIND as one of the few manufacturers capable of delivering solutions proven against forces stronger than any recorded natural typhoon. Quality and Certifications The outstanding results of these tests are backed by certifications that align with international standards. From system safety to environmental compliance, our roofing products have achieved recognition that reassures clients globally. This combination of laboratory testing and accredited certification means that project owners and contractors can trust our panels for high-stakes applications. Applications in Coastal and Industrial Projects Coastal regions in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and even parts of North America face frequent threats of tropical cyclones or hurricanes. In these regions, building resilience is not optional—it is a necessity. The SR6 system is designed with this in mind. Its standing seam panels provide continuous, weather-tight protection against wind-driven rain and uplift forces, while its strong locking system ensures that the roof remains secure under extreme weather events. In industrial projects...
Polyurethane sandwich panels (PIR/PUR sandwich panels) have become the ideal choice for cold storage construction due to their outstanding thermal insulation and fire resistance properties, eco-friendly characteristics, and significant energy-saving and efficiency advantages. Selecting the appropriate thickness is a critical prerequisite for achieving efficient and stable cold storage operation. So, how do you choose the right PIR sandwich panels for your project? Today, let's explore the answer together! 01 How to Calculate Sheet Thickness According to the description of insulation materials for cold storage facilities in GB 50072-2021 Cold Storage Design Standard: “When lightweight composite sandwich panels, such as metal-faced insulated sandwich panels, are used for thermal insulation and thermal barrier enclosures in cold storage warehouses, the combustion performance of the sandwich panel core material shall not be lower than Class B1. Furthermore, the Class B1 core material shall be a thermosetting material.” According to GB 50072-2021 Cold Storage Design Standard, the thickness of thermal insulation materials for building envelopes shall be calculated using the following formula: In the formula: d: Thickness of thermal insulation material (m) λ: Thermal conductivity of thermal insulation material [W/(m·℃)] R0: Total thermal resistance of the building envelope (m²·℃/W) aw: Heat transfer coefficient of the exterior surface of the building envelope [W/(m²·°C)] an: Heat transfer coefficient of the interior surface of the building envelope [W/(m²·°C)] di: Thickness of the i-th layer of material in the building envelope excluding the thermal insulation layer (m) λi: Thermal conductivity of the i-th layer of material in the building envelope excluding the thermal insulation layer [W/(m·°C)] Thermal Conductivity: Also known as thermal conductivity, it represents the amount of heat transferred per unit area (1 m²) per unit time when a material layer has a temperature difference of 1 K (or 1°C) across its two sides and a thickness of 1 m under steady-state heat transfer conditions. Thermal conductivity is a physical quantity that measures a material's ability to conduct heat and is an inherent thermal property of the material. Heat Transfer Coefficient: Also known as the convective heat transfer coefficient, it represents the amount of heat transferred per unit area (1 m²) per unit time during convective heat exchange when the temperature difference between the fluid and the solid surface is 1 K (or 1°C). This coefficient directly reflects the heat exchange capability between the fluid and the solid surface. Unlike thermal conductivity (which describes heat transfer within a material), it specifically addresses heat exchange at the fluid-solid interface....
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